The unit circle is a circle of radius 1 centered at the origin. For any angle θ, the corresponding point on the unit circle is (cos θ, sin θ). It provides exact values for all trig functions and is the foundation for understanding periodic behavior.
The key angles are 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. Their sine values follow the pattern 0, 1/2, √2/2, √3/2, 1. Cosine values are the reverse. Memorizing these five values lets you derive all angles in all four quadrants.
Find the reference angle (the acute angle to the x-axis), then apply the sign rule. Use the mnemonic "All Students Take Calculus": All trig functions are positive in Q1, Sine in Q2, Tangent in Q3, Cosine in Q4.