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Algebra · real student question

對 f(x) = 7/(3x - 1),求差商 (f(x+h) - f(x))/h 並化簡。

Question

對 f(x)=73x−1f(x) = \dfrac{7}{3x-1},求差商

f(x+h)−f(x)h,h≠0\frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}{h}, \qquad h \ne 0

並化簡。

Step-by-step solution

  1. 寫出 f(x + h)。 代入只發生在分母上:

    f(x+h)=73(x+h)−1=73x+3h−1f(x+h) = \frac{7}{3(x+h)-1} = \frac{7}{3x+3h-1}

  2. 把繁分數的形式列出來。

    f(x+h)−f(x)h=1h(73x+3h−1−73x−1)\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h} = \frac{1}{h}\left(\frac{7}{3x+3h-1} - \frac{7}{3x-1}\right)

    關鍵在於先把括號裡的差通分,再去除以 hh;否則什麼都約不掉。

  3. 通分合併。

    7(3x−1)−7(3x+3h−1)(3x+3h−1)(3x−1)\frac{7(3x-1) - 7(3x+3h-1)}{(3x+3h-1)(3x-1)}

    分子展開成 21x−7−21x−21h+7=−21h21x - 7 - 21x - 21h + 7 = -21h —— 除了 −21h-21h 以外每一項都消掉了,這正是這一步操作的全部用意。

  4. 除以 h 再約分。

    −21hh (3x+3h−1)(3x−1)=−21(3x+3h−1)(3x−1)\frac{-21h}{h\,(3x+3h-1)(3x-1)} = \frac{-21}{(3x+3h-1)(3x-1)}

  5. 驗證並取極限。 取 x=1.3x = 1.3、h=0.07h = 0.07:直接算差商得 −2.3284178-2.3284178,公式給出 −21(3.11)(2.9)=−2.3284178\tfrac{-21}{(3.11)(2.9)} = -2.3284178。當 h→0h \to 0 時整個式子趨於 −21(3x−1)2\tfrac{-21}{(3x-1)^2},這確實就是 ddx73x−1\tfrac{d}{dx}\tfrac{7}{3x-1}。

Answer

−21(3x+3h−1)(3x−1)\frac{-21}{(3x+3h-1)(3x-1)}

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