Calculus · real student question

Evaluate the triple integral of 2x - 2yz over the region E where 2 <= x <= 3, 0 <= y <= 2x - 2, and 0 <= z <= -2x + 4y - 4. Enter an exact answer.

Question

Evaluate the triple integral

E(2x2yz)dV,E={(x,y,z)2x3, 0y2x2, 0z2x+4y4}.\iiint_E (2x-2yz)\,dV,\qquad E=\{(x,y,z)\mid 2\le x\le 3,\ 0\le y\le 2x-2,\ 0\le z\le -2x+4y-4\}.

Enter an exact answer.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Integrate in z with x and y held fixed. Writing Z=2x+4y4Z=-2x+4y-4 for the upper limit, 0Z(2x2yz)dz=2xZyZ2\int_0^{Z}(2x-2yz)\,dz=2xZ-yZ^2. Only zz moves here, so 2x2x integrates to 2xZ2xZ and 2yz-2yz integrates to yZ2-yZ^2.

  2. Substitute the limit and expand. With Z=4y2x4Z=4y-2x-4 the inner result expands to 16y3+16xy2+32y24x2y8xy16y4x28x-16y^3+16xy^2+32y^2-4x^2y-8xy-16y-4x^2-8x. Expanding fully now is safer than trying to keep ZZ folded through the next integration.

  3. Integrate in y from 0 to 2x - 2. Antidifferentiating term by term and substituting y=2x2y=2x-2 gives the outer integrand 883x4+6163x3528x2+16003x5443-\frac{88}{3}x^4+\frac{616}{3}x^3-528x^2+\frac{1600}{3}x-\frac{544}{3}, which factors as 83(x1)(11x366x2+132x68)-\frac{8}{3}(x-1)\left(11x^3-66x^2+132x-68\right).

  4. Antidifferentiate in x. (883x4+6163x3528x2+16003x5443)dx=8815x5+1543x4176x3+8003x25443x\int\left(-\frac{88}{3}x^4+\frac{616}{3}x^3-528x^2+\frac{1600}{3}x-\frac{544}{3}\right)dx=-\frac{88}{15}x^5+\frac{154}{3}x^4-176x^3+\frac{800}{3}x^2-\frac{544}{3}x.

  5. Evaluate from x = 2 to x = 3. The antiderivative gives 4665-\frac{466}{5}, that is 93.2-93.2. Note the answer is negative because the 2yz-2yz term dominates over most of the wedge.

  6. Numerical check. Nested adaptive quadrature on the same limits returns 93.200000-93.200000, agreeing with 4665=93.2-\frac{466}{5}=-93.2 to six decimal places.

  7. Watch the arithmetic in the y-step. A widely circulated solution to this problem reports 486845108.2-\frac{4868}{45}\approx -108.2; that value fails the numerical check, and the error enters when the expanded yy-antiderivative is evaluated at y=2x2y=2x-2.

Answer

4665=93.2-\frac{466}{5}=-93.2

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