Calculus · real student question

Find the limit as n approaches infinity of (2n - n^3)/(12 + n^3). The options offered are: no correct answer, 0, 5, and 1.

Question

Find the value of

limn2nn312+n3.\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{2n-n^{3}}{12+n^{3}}.

Choose one answer: A. no correct answer B. 00 C. 55 D. 11

Step-by-step solution

  1. Identify the dominant power on each side. Both numerator and denominator are cubic in nn: the numerator's leading term is n3-n^{3} and the denominator's is +n3+n^{3}. Equal degrees mean the limit will be the ratio of those leading coefficients.

  2. Divide every term by n^3. This makes the claim precise rather than asserted:

    2nn312+n3=2n2112n3+1.\frac{2n-n^{3}}{12+n^{3}}=\frac{\dfrac{2}{n^{2}}-1}{\dfrac{12}{n^{3}}+1}.

  3. Send the reciprocal powers to zero. Both 2n20\dfrac{2}{n^{2}}\to 0 and 12n30\dfrac{12}{n^{3}}\to 0, leaving

    limn010+1=1.\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{0-1}{0+1}=-1.

  4. Watch the sign — it is the whole point. The numerator's cubic term is negative, so the sequence approaches 1-1 from below and the answer is negative. Reading 2nn32n-n^{3} as if the n3n^3 were positive is what produces the tempting answer 11.

  5. Match against the offered options. The computed value 1-1 is not 00, not 55 and not 11. The correct choice is therefore A: no correct answer.

  6. Spot-check numerically. At n=100n=100 the quotient is 200100000012+1000000=0.9998\dfrac{200-1000000}{12+1000000}=-0.9998, and at n=1000n=1000 it is 0.999998-0.999998 — clearly converging to 1-1.

Answer

1(so the correct option is A: no correct answer)-1\quad\text{(so the correct option is A: no correct answer)}

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