Find the value of each of the following limits.
Check for continuity before doing anything else. Direct substitution is valid exactly when the function is continuous at the target point. Polynomials are continuous everywhere, absolute values of polynomials are continuous everywhere, and constants are trivially continuous — so all five limits here are simply function values. There is no to resolve.
Limit 1: a constant function. never changes, so approaching changes nothing:
The presence of in the limit notation does not mean appears in the function.
Limits 2 and 3: polynomials. Substitute and evaluate carefully, respecting the exponents:
Note , not — the coefficient is not squared.
Limit 4: a power of a polynomial. Evaluate the inside first, then raise:
This uses the composition law for limits, valid because the outer function is continuous.
Limit 5: an absolute value. Evaluate the inside, then take the absolute value:
The result is : an absolute value is never negative. Absolute value functions have corners, but a corner does not break continuity, so substitution is still legitimate — and in any case the corner is at , nowhere near .
Collect and verify. The five values are , , , and . Each was reconfirmed with a symbolic limit engine, and each equals the plain function value at the target point, as continuity guarantees.
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