Calculus · real student question

Analyse the curve y = -2x^2 e^x: find its intercepts, turning points, and behaviour as x tends to plus and minus infinity.

Question

Analyse the curve

y=2x2exy=-2x^2e^x

finding its intercepts, turning points, and behaviour as x±x\to\pm\infty.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Establish the sign of the whole function first. For every real xx we have x20x^2\ge0 and ex>0e^x>0, so

    2x2ex0-2x^2e^x\le0

    The curve therefore lies entirely on or below the xx-axis, touching it only where x2=0x^2=0. Knowing this before differentiating rules out half the sketch.

  2. Find the intercepts. Setting y=0y=0: since exe^x is never zero, we need x2=0x^2=0, so x=0x=0. Both the xx-intercept and the yy-intercept are the single point (0,0)(0,0).

  3. Differentiate with the product rule. With u=2x2u=-2x^2 and v=exv=e^x:

    y=4xex+(2x2)ex=2ex(x2+2x)=2exx(x+2)y'=-4xe^x+\left(-2x^2\right)e^x=-2e^x\left(x^2+2x\right)=-2e^xx(x+2)

    Factoring out 2ex-2e^x makes the critical points readable at a glance.

  4. Locate the critical points. Since ex0e^x\neq0, y=0y'=0 requires x(x+2)=0x(x+2)=0:

    x=0orx=2x=0\qquad\text{or}\qquad x=-2

    At x=0x=0, y=0y=0. At x=2x=-2:

    y=2(2)2e2=8e2=8e21.083y=-2(-2)^2e^{-2}=-8e^{-2}=-\frac{8}{e^2}\approx-1.083

  5. Classify them from the sign of y'. The factor 2ex-2e^x is always negative, so yy' has the opposite sign to x(x+2)x(x+2): negative for x<2x<-2, positive for 2<x<0-2<x<0, negative for x>0x>0. So the curve falls, then rises, then falls — giving a local minimum at (2,8e2)\left(-2,-\tfrac{8}{e^2}\right) and a local maximum at (0,0)(0,0). The maximum value 00 is also the global maximum, consistent with step 1.

  6. Determine the end behaviour. As xx\to-\infty, ex0e^x\to0 far faster than x2x^2\to\infty grows, so y0y\to0^-: the xx-axis is a horizontal asymptote approached from below. As x+x\to+\infty, both factors grow and yy\to-\infty, plunging steeply. So the shape is: hugging the axis from below on the far left, dipping to 1.083-1.083 at x=2x=-2, back up to touch the origin, then falling away without bound.

  7. Verify the key numbers. Symmetric difference quotients of step 10710^{-7} match y=2exx(x+2)y'=-2e^xx(x+2) at x=3,1,0.5,2x=-3,-1,0.5,2 ✓. Sample values: y(4)=0.586y(-4)=-0.586, y(3)=0.896y(-3)=-0.896, y(2)=1.083y(-2)=-1.083, y(1)=0.736y(-1)=-0.736, y(1)=5.437y(1)=-5.437, y(2)=59.112y(2)=-59.112 — all recomputed and confirming both the dip at x=2x=-2 and the steep right-hand fall ✓.

Answer

Intercept (0,0); local min (2,8e2)(2,1.083); local max (0,0); y0 as x, y as x+\text{Intercept }(0,0);\ \text{local min }\left(-2,-\frac{8}{e^2}\right)\approx(-2,-1.083);\ \text{local max }(0,0);\ y\to0^-\text{ as }x\to-\infty,\ y\to-\infty\text{ as }x\to+\infty

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