Algebra · real student question

Solve -0.0164x^2 + 0.3655x + 25.151 = 0 for x.

Question

Solve

y=0.0164x2+0.3655x+25.151y=-0.0164x^2+0.3655x+25.151

for the values of xx where y=0y=0.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Notice how small the leading coefficient is. With a=0.0164a=-0.0164, b=0.3655b=0.3655, c=25.151c=25.151, the quadratic term only becomes comparable to the constant when xx is in the tens:

    ax225  x250.016439|a|x^2\approx 25\ \Longrightarrow\ x\approx\sqrt{\tfrac{25}{0.0164}}\approx 39

    So the roots should be large in magnitude — a useful expectation to hold before computing anything.

  2. Compute the discriminant.

    Δ=0.365524(0.0164)(25.151)=0.133590+1.649906=1.783496\Delta=0.3655^2-4(-0.0164)(25.151)=0.133590+1.649906=1.783496

    Δ=1.335476\sqrt{\Delta}=1.335476

    Unusually, b2b^2 and 4ac-4ac are of similar size here, because both aa and bb are small.

  3. Apply the quadratic formula.

    x=0.3655±1.3354762(0.0164)=0.3655±1.3354760.0328x=\frac{-0.3655\pm 1.335476}{2(-0.0164)}=\frac{-0.3655\pm 1.335476}{-0.0328}

    Dividing by the very small 0.0328-0.0328 is what magnifies a modest numerator into a large root.

  4. Evaluate the two roots.

    x1=0.3655+1.3354760.0328=29.5724,x2=0.36551.3354760.0328=51.8590x_1=\frac{-0.3655+1.335476}{-0.0328}=-29.5724,\qquad x_2=\frac{-0.3655-1.335476}{-0.0328}=51.8590

    The vertex sits at x=b2a=0.36550.0328=11.143x=-\tfrac{b}{2a}=\tfrac{0.3655}{0.0328}=11.143, exactly midway between the roots, with maximum value y27.19y\approx 27.19.

  5. Check with Vieta’s formulas. The sum must be ba=0.36550.0164=22.2866-\tfrac{b}{a}=\tfrac{0.3655}{0.0164}=22.2866, and 29.5724+51.8590=22.2866  -29.5724+51.8590=22.2866\;\checkmark. The product must be ca=25.1510.0164=1533.60\tfrac{c}{a}=\tfrac{25.151}{-0.0164}=-1533.60, and (29.5724)(51.8590)=1533.60  (-29.5724)(51.8590)=-1533.60\;\checkmark. Both checks are especially valuable here, since dividing by a small number amplifies any rounding error in the numerator.

Answer

x29.572andx51.859x\approx -29.572\quad\text{and}\quad x\approx 51.859

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