Cheat Sheet

Geometry Formulas

Every geometry formula a student needs from middle school through college: perimeters, areas, volumes, surface areas, and angle relationships, organised by shape. Each formula links to the matching AI-Math solver — paste your numbers, see the steps.

2D shapes — perimeter & area

Square

P=4s,A=s2P = 4s,\quad A = s^2

All four sides equal.

Rectangle

P=2l+2w,A=lwP = 2l + 2w,\quad A = l \cdot w

Length × width.

Triangle (general)

A=12bhA = \tfrac{1}{2} b h

Base × height ÷ 2.

Triangle (Heron's)

A=s(sa)(sb)(sc), s=a+b+c2A = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)},\ s=\tfrac{a+b+c}{2}

Area from three sides only — useful when no height is given.

Parallelogram

A=bhA = b h

Same as rectangle (slanting doesn't change area).

Trapezoid

A=12(b1+b2)hA = \tfrac{1}{2}(b_1 + b_2) h

Average of parallel sides × height.

Circle

C=2πr,A=πr2C = 2\pi r,\quad A = \pi r^2

Circumference and area from radius.

Regular polygon (n sides)

A=12PaA = \tfrac{1}{2} P a

PP = perimeter, aa = apothem (center-to-side distance).

3D shapes — volume

Cube

V=s3V = s^3

Side cubed.

Rectangular prism

V=lwhV = l \cdot w \cdot h

Box volume.

Cylinder

V=πr2hV = \pi r^2 h

Circle area × height.

Cone

V=13πr2hV = \tfrac{1}{3}\pi r^2 h

One-third of cylinder with same base + height.

Sphere

V=43πr3V = \tfrac{4}{3}\pi r^3

The famous "four-thirds pi r-cubed."

Pyramid (square base)

V=13s2hV = \tfrac{1}{3} s^2 h

Same one-third rule as cone.

3D shapes — surface area

Cube

SA=6s2SA = 6 s^2

Six identical faces.

Rectangular prism

SA=2(lw+lh+wh)SA = 2(lw + lh + wh)

Two of each face type.

Cylinder

SA=2πr2+2πrhSA = 2\pi r^2 + 2\pi r h

Two circular ends + side wall.

Sphere

SA=4πr2SA = 4\pi r^2

Exactly four times a circle of same radius.

Cone

SA=πr2+πr, =r2+h2SA = \pi r^2 + \pi r \ell,\ \ell=\sqrt{r^2+h^2}

Base + slanted side; \ell is slant height.

Right triangle / Pythagorean

Pythagorean theorem

a2+b2=c2a^2 + b^2 = c^2

Right triangle: legs a,ba, b; hypotenuse cc.

Distance formula

d=(x2x1)2+(y2y1)2d = \sqrt{(x_2-x_1)^2 + (y_2-y_1)^2}

Pythagorean theorem applied to coordinates.

Special right triangles

30°60°90°:1:3:230°-60°-90°: 1 : \sqrt{3} : 2

Side ratios you can quote without calculation.

Special right triangles

45°45°90°:1:1:245°-45°-90°: 1 : 1 : \sqrt{2}

Isosceles right triangle.

Angles & circles

Sum of triangle angles

A+B+C=180°A + B + C = 180°

Always.

Sum of polygon angles

S=(n2)180°S = (n - 2) \cdot 180°

nn-sided convex polygon.

Inscribed angle

θinscribed=12θcentral\theta_{\text{inscribed}} = \tfrac{1}{2}\theta_{\text{central}}

Inscribed angle = half the central angle subtending the same arc.

Arc length

s=rθs = r\theta

Radians. Length of arc on circle of radius rr.

Sector area

A=12r2θA = \tfrac{1}{2} r^2 \theta

Slice of pie. Radians.

Coordinate geometry

Midpoint

M=(x1+x22,y1+y22)M = \bigl(\tfrac{x_1+x_2}{2}, \tfrac{y_1+y_2}{2}\bigr)

Average of coordinates.

Slope between two points

m=y2y1x2x1m = \tfrac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}

Rise over run.

Circle equation

(xh)2+(yk)2=r2(x-h)^2 + (y-k)^2 = r^2

Center (h,k)(h, k), radius rr.

Try the formulas in our free solvers

  • /solver/geometry/area
  • /solver/geometry/volume
  • /solver/geometry/pythagorean-theorem