Trigonometry · real student question

Solve sin(x) x sin(x) = 1/2 for x, giving the general solution.

Question

Solve

sin(x)×sin(x)=12\sin(x)\times\sin(x)=\frac12

for xx, giving the general solution.

Step-by-step solution

  1. Rewrite the product as a square. The left side is sinx\sin x multiplied by itself, so

    sin2x=12.\sin^{2}x=\frac12.

    Writing it this way matters because it makes the next move — taking a square root, with two signs — obvious.

  2. Take the square root, keeping both signs. From sin2x=12\sin^{2}x=\tfrac12,

    sinx=±12=±22.\sin x=\pm\frac{1}{\sqrt2}=\pm\frac{\sqrt2}{2}.

    Dropping the negative branch would lose half the solutions. The reference angle for 22\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2} is π4\tfrac{\pi}{4} (that is 4545^{\circ}), so all solutions sit at 4545^{\circ} from an axis.

  3. Write the four families, one per quadrant. For sinx=+22\sin x=+\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2} the solutions in [0,2π)[0,2\pi) are π4\tfrac{\pi}{4} and 3π4\tfrac{3\pi}{4}; for sinx=22\sin x=-\tfrac{\sqrt2}{2} they are 5π4\tfrac{5\pi}{4} and 7π4\tfrac{7\pi}{4}. Adding 2kπ2k\pi to each gives

    x=π4+2kπ, 3π4+2kπ, 5π4+2kπ, 7π4+2kπ.x=\frac{\pi}{4}+2k\pi,\ \frac{3\pi}{4}+2k\pi,\ \frac{5\pi}{4}+2k\pi,\ \frac{7\pi}{4}+2k\pi.

  4. Merge the four families into one. The four base angles π4,3π4,5π4,7π4\tfrac{\pi}{4},\tfrac{3\pi}{4},\tfrac{5\pi}{4},\tfrac{7\pi}{4} are equally spaced, each π2\tfrac{\pi}{2} apart, so the whole solution set collapses to a single arithmetic family:

    x=π4+kπ2,kZ(45+90k).x=\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{k\pi}{2},\qquad k\in\mathbb{Z}\quad(45^{\circ}+90^{\circ}k).

    This compact form is both easier to state and much easier to use when the equation is part of a larger problem.

  5. Cross-check with a double-angle identity. Since sin2x=1cos2x2\sin^{2}x=\frac{1-\cos 2x}{2}, the equation is equivalent to

    1cos2x2=12    cos2x=0    2x=π2+kπ    x=π4+kπ2.\frac{1-\cos 2x}{2}=\frac12\;\Longrightarrow\;\cos 2x=0\;\Longrightarrow\;2x=\frac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\;\Longrightarrow\;x=\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{k\pi}{2}.

    The identity route reaches the merged family directly and confirms the answer independently ✓.

Answer

x=π4+kπ2,kZ(equivalently 45+90k)x=\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{k\pi}{2},\qquad k\in\mathbb{Z}\qquad\left(\text{equivalently }45^{\circ}+90^{\circ}k\right)

Need to solve a different problem like this? Open the solver →