Find the exact value of
Locate the angle's quadrant. Since , the terminal side lies in Quadrant III. There both sine and cosine are negative (only tangent is positive), so the answer must carry a minus sign.
Find the reference angle. For a Quadrant III angle the reference angle is the angle measured back to the negative -axis:
A reference angle of means the value will be one of the exact special values, so no calculator is needed.
Recall the special value. From the -- triangle with legs and hypotenuse :
Attach the quadrant sign. The magnitude comes from the reference angle and the sign from the quadrant:
Cross-check with the unit circle coordinates. The point at is , and sine is the -coordinate — negative, as found ✓. Numerically , and evaluating directly gives ✓, matching to seven decimals.
Note the related values. By the same reference angle, and — the two negatives cancel in the ratio, which is why tangent is positive in Quadrant III.
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