Calculus · real student question

Find the limit of 4 / (x^2 * 2^(1/x)) as x approaches 0.

Question

Find

limx04x221/x\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{4}{x^2\cdot 2^{1/x}}

Step-by-step solution

  1. Notice that 1/x1/x changes sign across zero. As x0+x\to 0^{+}, 1/x+1/x\to+\infty and 21/x+2^{1/x}\to+\infty; as x0x\to 0^{-}, 1/x1/x\to-\infty and 21/x0+2^{1/x}\to 0^{+}. Because the factor behaves in opposite ways on the two sides, the one-sided limits must be computed separately — assuming a single answer is the trap here.

  2. Right-hand limit: substitute t=1/xt=1/x. With x0+x\to 0^{+} we have t+t\to+\infty and x2=1/t2x^2=1/t^2, so

    4x221/x=41t22t=4t22t\frac{4}{x^2\cdot 2^{1/x}}=\frac{4}{\frac{1}{t^2}\cdot 2^{t}}=\frac{4t^2}{2^{t}}

    The substitution converts an awkward 00\cdot\infty denominator into a familiar race between a polynomial and an exponential.

  3. Exponential growth wins, so the right-hand limit is 0. For any fixed power, limttn2t=0\displaystyle\lim_{t\to\infty}\frac{t^{n}}{2^{t}}=0 (two applications of L Hopital settle n=2n=2). Hence

    limx0+4x221/x=0\lim_{x\to 0^{+}}\frac{4}{x^2\cdot 2^{1/x}}=0

  4. Left-hand limit: substitute t=1/xt=-1/x. Now x0x\to 0^{-} gives t+t\to+\infty, x2=1/t2x^2=1/t^2 and 21/x=2t=12t2^{1/x}=2^{-t}=\dfrac{1}{2^{t}}, so the expression becomes

    41t212t=4t22t+\frac{4}{\frac{1}{t^2}\cdot\frac{1}{2^{t}}}=4t^2 2^{t}\to+\infty

    Both factors of the denominator shrink to zero, so the fraction blows up.

  5. Conclude that the two-sided limit does not exist. Since

    limx0+=0+=limx0\lim_{x\to 0^{+}}=0\neq +\infty=\lim_{x\to 0^{-}}

    the two one-sided limits disagree, and a two-sided limit exists only when they agree.

  6. Check the numbers. At x=0.02x=0.02 the value is 8.9×10128.9\times 10^{-12}; at x=0.02x=-0.02 it is 1.1×10191.1\times 10^{19}. The same expression, evaluated equally close to zero on either side, differs by thirty orders of magnitude — a vivid confirmation that no single limiting value exists.

Answer

The limit does not exist: limx0+=0, limx0=+\text{The limit does not exist: }\lim_{x\to 0^{+}}=0,\ \lim_{x\to 0^{-}}=+\infty

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