Algebra · real student question

Raise each factor within the parentheses to the -4 power and simplify to positive exponents: (-4 m^-2 n^11)^-4.

Question

Raise each factor within the parentheses to the 4-4 power and simplify so that only positive exponents remain:

(4m2n11)4\left(-4\,m^{-2}n^{11}\right)^{-4}

Step-by-step solution

  1. Distribute the outer exponent to every factor, the numerical one included. The rule (abc)k=akbkck(abc)^{k}=a^{k}b^{k}c^{k} applies to the coefficient 4-4 just as much as to the variables — leaving the coefficient untouched is the usual mistake here:

    (4m2n11)4=(4)4(m2)4(n11)4\left(-4\,m^{-2}n^{11}\right)^{-4}=(-4)^{-4}\left(m^{-2}\right)^{-4}\left(n^{11}\right)^{-4}

  2. Evaluate the numerical factor and watch the sign. A negative exponent means a reciprocal, and the base 4-4 is raised to an even power, so the result is positive:

    (4)4=1(4)4=1256(-4)^{-4}=\frac{1}{(-4)^{4}}=\frac{1}{256}

    Had the exponent been odd, the sign would have survived.

  3. Multiply the variable exponents. Using (ap)q=apq\left(a^{p}\right)^{q}=a^{pq}, and remembering that a negative times a negative is positive:

    (m2)4=m(2)(4)=m8,(n11)4=n11(4)=n44\left(m^{-2}\right)^{-4}=m^{(-2)(-4)}=m^{8},\qquad \left(n^{11}\right)^{-4}=n^{11(-4)}=n^{-44}

    So the expression is now 1256m8n44\dfrac{1}{256}\,m^{8}n^{-44}.

  4. Move the remaining negative exponent into the denominator. Since n44=1n44n^{-44}=\dfrac{1}{n^{44}},

    1256m8n44=m8256n44\frac{1}{256}m^{8}n^{-44}=\frac{m^{8}}{256\,n^{44}}

    Every exponent is now positive, which is the requested form.

  5. Check numerically. At m=1.7m=1.7 and n=0.9n=0.9 the original expression evaluates to 28.09836116088281328.098361160882813, and m8256n44\dfrac{m^{8}}{256\,n^{44}} gives the identical 28.09836116088281328.098361160882813. The agreement to full precision confirms both the sign and all three exponents.

Answer

m8256n44\frac{m^{8}}{256\,n^{44}}

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