Algebra · real student question

Expand (x - 2/root x)^4.

Question

Expand

(x2x)4\left(x-\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^4

Step-by-step solution

  1. Set up the binomial pattern. For a fourth power the coefficients are the fifth row of Pascal's triangle, 1,4,6,4,11,4,6,4,1, with alternating signs because the second term is subtracted:

    (AB)4=A44A3B+6A2B24AB3+B4(A-B)^4=A^4-4A^3B+6A^2B^2-4AB^3+B^4

    Take A=xA=x and B=2x=2x1/2B=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}}=2x^{-1/2}. Rewriting BB with a fractional exponent up front is what keeps the arithmetic straightforward.

  2. Note how the exponents will step. Each term trades one factor of AA (exponent +1+1) for one factor of BB (exponent 12-\tfrac12), so the exponent drops by 32\tfrac32 from term to term: 4, 52, 1, 12, 24,\ \tfrac52,\ 1,\ -\tfrac12,\ -2. Knowing this in advance catches any slip.

  3. Compute the first three terms.

    A4=x4A^4=x^4

    4A3B=4x32x1/2=8x5/2-4A^3B=-4x^3\cdot2x^{-1/2}=-8x^{5/2}

    6A2B2=6x24x=24x6A^2B^2=6x^2\cdot\frac{4}{x}=24x

    The third term is where the square root disappears entirely, since B2=4x1B^2=4x^{-1}.

  4. Compute the last two terms.

    4AB3=4x8x3/2=32x1/2=32x-4AB^3=-4x\cdot\frac{8}{x^{3/2}}=-32x^{-1/2}=-\frac{32}{\sqrt{x}}

    B4=(2x1/2)4=16x2B^4=\left(2x^{-1/2}\right)^4=\frac{16}{x^2}

  5. Assemble the expansion.

    (x2x)4=x48x5/2+24x32x+16x2\left(x-\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^4=x^4-8x^{5/2}+24x-\frac{32}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{16}{x^2}

    The domain is x>0x>0, since x\sqrt{x} sits in a denominator.

  6. Verify numerically at several values of x. At x=1x=1 both the original and the expansion give 11; at x=0.3x=0.3 both give 126.1678126.1678; at x=2.7x=2.7 both give 4.834774.83477; at x=5.5x=5.5 both give 466.40627466.40627 ✓. Agreement at four well-spread points, including one below 11, confirms every coefficient and exponent.

Answer

(x2x)4=x48x5/2+24x32x+16x2\left(x-\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^4=x^4-8x^{5/2}+24x-\frac{32}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{16}{x^2}

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